ABSTRACT
1) We have developed two forms to evaluate students' oral presentation skills (important but hard to teach in the medical school curriculum): one is a peer review form for an audience to evaluate a presenter's performance, and the other is a form for a presenter to evaluate his or her own performance.2) The evaluation process is simple: evaluators fill out the forms by checking the items for evaluation. With these evaluation forms students can get tips for improving their presentations because technical suggestions are written near each item.3) The forms were beneficial for both students and instructors, because students could get tips for improving their presentations, and instructors could concentrate their efforts on scientific content after the students' presentations.
ABSTRACT
Three new genes of <I>Cryptosporidium parvum</I> were cloned, including a gene encoding methionine aminopeptidase, one encoding chaperonin containing T-complex protein 1 delta (TCP-1 delta) and one with unknown function. DNA sequence analysis indicated that these genes are quite conserved, but there were some base pair differences between genotype I and genotype II isolates. These differences were confirmed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the 3 genes from 41 isolates collected from different hosts and geographical origins. In brief, the band patterns generated by endonuclease Hind III or Hinf I restrictions of the gene of methionine aminopeptidase, Sac I restriction of the gene of chaperonin, or Ava II restriction of the unknown gene could differentiate the isolates of <I>C. parvum</I> into genotype I and genotype II. PCR primers based on these genes amplified only <I>C. parvum</I> genes. Even a single oocyst was detectable with these PCR primers. Thus the results provided further evidence that genotype I and genotype II are distinct, and our three new primers can be used to detect and characterize <I>C. parvum</I> isolates with high sensitivity.